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A |     New Delhi, Oct 13 (UNI) A two-judge bench of the Supreme Court on Thursday delivered a split verdict in the Hijab ban case, and referred the matter to the Chief Justice's (CJI) court for his direction to constitute a larger bench to decide the issue.

The bench of Justices Hemant Gupta and Sudhanshu Dhulia delivered the verdict on a batch of appeals against the Karnataka High Court judgment upholding the hijab ban in educational institutions.

"We have divergent of opinion, I have framed 11 questions on the issue," Justice Hemant Gupta who led the bench said in hiss verdict.

While dismissing the batch of appeals filed by many students, Justice Gupta affirmed the high court's order on the hijab ban and said, "the matter be sent to the CJI for constituting a larger bench to hear the case."

The two-judge bench on September 26, had reserved its order, after hearing from all the parties -- 23 petitioners, their lawyers, and the Karnataka government for a marathon 10 days.

The apex court pronounced the verdict on 23 petitions, including that of, Aishat Shifa, and others.

The state government has argued in the Supreme Court that it had the authority to issue an order to educational institutions to follow the discipline of wearing the prescribed school uniforms.

Senior advocate Dushyant Dave, appearing for the students/ petitioners, argued that fundamental rights, freedom to choose to what to wear and freedom of faith would not diminish inside a classroom.

The lawyers for the students -- Devadatt Kamat, Dr Rajeev Dhavan amd Dishyant Dave -- submitted in the top court that the Karnataka State government had not presented even a single shred of evidence to support their claim that a few students wearing hijab to their classrooms in addition to their respective uniforms violated public order, health and morality.

The lawyers further said that the Karnataka government had not provide any material to support their claim that wearing hijab infringed on the fundamental rights of other students.

A Full Bench of the Karnataka High Court comprising Chief Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi, Justice Krishna Dixit and Justice J M Khazi, in their judgement on March 15, this year, held that wearing of hijab by women was not an essential religious practice of Islam.

The high courts's three-judge bench, had dismissed the petitions filed by a group of Muslim girl students against PU government college for denying them entry while wearing Hijab.

The led by Chief Justice Awasthi dismissed the petition stating that the practice of hijab is not an essential practice under islam and thus does not fall within the ambit of Article 25 of the Constitution of India.

The High court had also held that prescription of school uniform is only a reasonable restriction which is constitutionally permissible which the students cannot object to and stated that the government had the power to issue such notification and that no case was made out against the government notification.

UNI SM ING。    

    An illustration of the “5A Framework” for enterprise intelligent transformation unveiled at the 2026 Digital Intelligent Economy Forum in Langfang, North China’s Hebei Province, on August 12, 2026. Photo: people.cn         
The 2026 Digital Intelligent Economy Forum was held in Langfang, North China’s Hebei Province, on Wednesday. At the forum, organizer People's Daily Cultural Technology Corporation unveiled a “5A Framework” for enterprise intelligent transformation, aimed at helping businesses comprehensively innovate their business models, organizational structures and service systems in the artificial intelligence (AI) era.
A To A: Exploring new models for agent collaboration
AI is pushing the internet into a new stage characterized by the widespread participation of AI agents. In the future, China could develop an ecosystem comprising tens of billions of agent applications, while the global “digital population” could reach hundreds of billions. Following To B (business-oriented) and To C (consumer-oriented) models, enterprises and institutions should actively explore the emerging To A (agent-oriented) model. To enable better interaction and coordination among agents, unified data, technology, interface and service standards need to be established, while new business systems and service models should be cultivated.
AI-friendly: Building machine-readable data infrastructure
Today’s internet user interfaces are primarily designed for human browsing. The first step, therefore, should be to build an “AI-friendly” data system that is better suited to being read, understood and accessed by AI. By structuring content resources and turning them into organized knowledge, while strengthening ontology systems and knowledge graphs, such a system can improve AI’s ability to understand and apply information. On this basis, integrated hardware and software infrastructure combining computing architecture with data systems can be developed for AI applications.
AI-native teams: Reshaping organizations and workflows
AI is profoundly reshaping organizational structures and ways of working. AI-native teams should redefine job responsibilities, organizational structures and business processes around the A-To-A model and AI-friendly services, enabling “everyone to have multiple AI agents.” Professional capabilities and business experience can be encapsulated into “digital employees,” promoting autonomous learning by agents, multi-agent collaboration and the evolution of collective intelligence, thereby multiplying per-capita productivity.
AI for good: Putting values first, serving social development
AI also requires values-based guidance. Guided by the principle of “being people-centered and using AI for good,” efforts should follow the approach of “governing AI with AI and guiding intelligence with wisdom,” ensuring that AI always serves social development, the public interest and people’s needs. The “Mainstream Values Corpus,” whose development was launched by the People’s Daily in May 2023, has already begun to take shape and has been validated through numerous large-model applications.
Inclusive AI: Protecting cultural diversity, advancing global sustainable development
AI should not become merely “a game for rich countries and rich people,” but should benefit all countries. Efforts should be made to actively participate in global initiatives for inclusive AI, bridge the digital and intelligent divide, and enable more organizations and individuals to share the benefits of development on an equal footing, so that AI can truly become a powerful positive force for improving the well-being of all humanity and advancing human civilization.
This was translated and compiled by the Global Times, based on an article originally published on people.cn on August 12, 2026.

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