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Trust in US Media Undermined by Proliferation of Partisan Outlets & Bias Claims, Experts Say_我的网站

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A | 今天（4月23日）是人民海军成立75周年纪念日，75年来，人民海军从无到有，一路劈波斩浪，75年来，人民海军从弱到强，一路步履铿锵！　　曾经，一穷二白　　1949年4月23日，人民海军在战火硝烟中诞生，那时，人民海军只有少量国民党军遗弃的舰船和爱国将领官兵起义驶回的兵舰。 Last week, Gallup, which has been measuring the audiences' confidence in newspapers since 1973 and television news since 1993, presented the results of its latest poll on the confidence in US news media, showing that only 11% have a great deal/quite a lot of confidence in TV news, while 16% have the same degree of confidence in newspapers.,"The lack of trust in media goes along with the decline in trust in other institutions, including government. People have been told for years that they can't trust institutions, and now, thanks to media deregulation (which paved the way for partisan channels and websites), numerous sources can regularly tell their audience that only OUR channel can be trusted but everyone else's is just filled with lies," Donna Halper, a professor of communication and media studies at Lesley University, said.,She compared the current situation with the periods of polarization during the Vietnam war and the Watergate scandal when despite profound political disagreements people still were receiving information from the same sources. This, however, was changed by the arrival of cable TV and the end of the so-called Fairness Doctrines, which required balanced reporting on contentious issues with different points of view presented.,"The news was still the news, and there were still honest and hardworking news reporters. But now, there were opinion shows, filled with commentators who could distort the facts to suit the partisan audience. As a result, millions of folks were exposed to only one side of the story. Partisan media flourished, leading to Fox News on cable, and then, a few fledgling efforts on the left to put in some talk shows that expressed their side," Halper stated.,Her sentiment was echoed by Kirby Goidel, a political science professor at Texas A&M University, who noted that Fox News used the claim that traditional media outlets are biased against conservatives as a marketing strategy to build an audience. According to the expert, despite the network's insistence on being fair and balanced, it was "a conservative counter-balance to what was perceived as liberal media.","Polarization adds to this as - primarily conservative candidates and causes - have claimed leading media organizations are biased against them. This is typically a political strategy aimed at minimizing the effects of bad news but - heard often enough - it has consequences for media trust," Goidel explained, adding that while such rhetoric can be found on the other end of the political spectrum as well but has been much common on the right than on the left.,He concluded by noting that when survey respondents are asked whether they trust the news sources they consume they are usually more trusting. In light of that, to obtain more meaningful data people should be asked about confidence in particular news outlets and then determine whether a news outlet is distrusted by those who do not belong to its audience.。　　如今，重器在手　　2012年，辽宁舰正式交付中国海军，我国有了自己的航母。　　2019年，国产航母山东舰加入人民海军战斗序列。　　2022年，福建舰正式下水，这是我国完全自主设计建造的首艘弹射型航空母舰，人民海军迈入“三航母时代”。　　8艘“万吨大驱”加入战斗序列，忠诚守护祖国万里海疆。

B | 潜艇部队自主研制、核常兼备，筑起水下钢铁长城。　　1949年4月23日，值得永远铭记　　这一天，中国人民解放军突破长江天险，解放国民党统治下的南京，而同一天，中国人民解放军第一支海军部队——华东军区海军正式诞生，这一天，也被确定为人民海军成立日。　　历史不会忘记　　1980年，刘华清将军参观美国航母，美方要求观看保持距离，刘将军踮着脚，“倾听”美军士兵讲解的照片，令无数国人泪目，他曾说“如果中国不建航母，我死不瞑目”。　　2001年4月1日，“海空卫士”王伟为捍卫祖国安全，壮烈牺牲，23年来，“81192，请返航”持续在海天间回响。

C | 　　2016年4月27日，张超驾驶舰载战斗机进行陆基模拟着舰训练时飞机突发故障，为了挽救战机张超错过了最佳跳伞时机，英勇牺牲，2019年，张超被授予“人民英雄”国家荣誉称号。　　从“护航行动”到“万里归途”　　15年多的时间里，人民海军累计派出46批护航编队、150余艘次舰艇、3.6万余名官兵，圆满完成1600余批7200余艘中外船舶护航任务，解救、接护各类船舶近百艘，为保障国际重要贸易通道安全、维护世界和平稳定作出了重要贡献。　　一次次紧急驰援，尽显大国本色。菲律宾台风肆虐、马尔代夫淡水危机、汤加王国火山灾害……人民海军星夜兼程，累计运送物资1400余吨、救助患者2200余名、为上万名灾民送医送药。　　一次次国际合作，增进交流互信。截至目前，人民海军舰艇先后出访100余次，到达六大洲90多个国家，累计迎接外军舰艇来访300余次，与外军联演联训近百次。　　从北半球到南半球，从太平洋到大西洋，和平的航迹在时间与空间上不断延伸，从中可以看见人民海军加快转型、向海图强的铿锵步伐，可以看见传递友谊、守卫和平的大国担当。　　主战装备换代舰艇编队演训锻炼战斗力　　近年来，人民海军的主战装备研发迭代迅速，如何快速培育和长期保持战斗力尤为重要，而在其中，融合新型舰艇组建编队、演训磨合养成战斗力是重要课题。　　近日，圆满完成南海、东印度洋、西太平洋等海域战备巡逻、远海训练任务的咸阳舰编队返回三亚某军港。任务期间，咸阳舰编队深度融入联合作战指挥体系，先后完成了广域机动、防空反导、联合打击等数十个课题演练。　　近年来，海军主战装备不断更新换代，以第四代装备为引领、第三代装备为主体。

D | 国产055型导弹驱逐舰咸阳舰入列不到一年时间，就完成从接装、基础课目训练到全训考核、远海实战化训练的跨越。

E | 　　海军咸阳舰颜金清称：“相比以往，现在的舰艇信息化程度更高，技术也更密集，对官兵的综合素质要求也更高。

F | ”　　2023年5月，山东舰航母编队首次成体系、成规模远赴西太平洋海域，参加了“联合利剑”演习。　　编队着眼战场实际，在远海大洋广域机动、立体攻防，先后研习联合搜反潜、联合火力打击、区域制空作战等多个实际作战场景。同步开展战斗值班、课题演练、舰基飞行，并在岛链外与火箭军、岸基航空兵以及其他水面作战编组开展联合演练。历史照亮未来征程未有穷期今天让我们一起祝福人民海军，生日快乐！　　（中国小康网微信公众号综合央视新闻微信公众号、北京日报客户端、人民日报、央视网）　　图源：央视新闻、央视军事、中国军网、央视网　　编辑：周经韬　　审核：武金洋。