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Trust in US Media Undermined by Proliferation of Partisan Outlets & Bias Claims, Experts Say_我的网站

A |     Last week, Gallup, which has been measuring the audiences' confidence in newspapers since 1973 and television news since 1993, presented the results of its latest poll on the confidence in US news media, showing that only 11% have a great deal/quite a lot of confidence in TV news, while 16% have the same degree of confidence in newspapers.,"The lack of trust in media goes along with the decline in trust in other institutions, including government. People have been told for years that they can't trust institutions, and now, thanks to media deregulation (which paved the way for partisan channels and websites), numerous sources can regularly tell their audience that only OUR channel can be trusted but everyone else's is just filled with lies," Donna Halper, a professor of communication and media studies at Lesley University, said.,She compared the current situation with the periods of polarization during the Vietnam war and the Watergate scandal when despite profound political disagreements people still were receiving information from the same sources. This, however, was changed by the arrival of cable TV and the end of the so-called Fairness Doctrines, which required balanced reporting on contentious issues with different points of view presented.,"The news was still the news, and there were still honest and hardworking news reporters. But now, there were opinion shows, filled with commentators who could distort the facts to suit the partisan audience. As a result, millions of folks were exposed to only one side of the story. Partisan media flourished, leading to Fox News on cable, and then, a few fledgling efforts on the left to put in some talk shows that expressed their side," Halper stated.,Her sentiment was echoed by Kirby Goidel, a political science professor at Texas A&M University, who noted that Fox News used the claim that traditional media outlets are biased against conservatives as a marketing strategy to build an audience. According to the expert, despite the network's insistence on being fair and balanced, it was "a conservative counter-balance to what was perceived as liberal media.","Polarization adds to this as - primarily conservative candidates and causes - have claimed leading media organizations are biased against them. This is typically a political strategy aimed at minimizing the effects of bad news but - heard often enough - it has consequences for media trust," Goidel explained, adding that while such rhetoric can be found on the other end of the political spectrum as well but has been much common on the right than on the left.,He concluded by noting that when survey respondents are asked whether they trust the news sources they consume they are usually more trusting. In light of that, to obtain more meaningful data people should be asked about confidence in particular news outlets and then determine whether a news outlet is distrusted by those who do not belong to its audience.。    　　广西崇左8月23日电(涂丽莎 陈沿佑)秋日时节，广西崇左市扶绥县渠黎镇甜蜜之光现代甘蔗产业园满目青绿。桂糖44号、云蔗081609、桂糖76号、中糖3号、中辐1号等甘蔗品种长势喜人，大多数蔗株高度超3米。园区采用的多品种轮作、分区种植方式，保障了这片土地长期稳产与生态韧性。8月22日，广西崇左市扶绥县渠黎镇甜蜜之光现代甘蔗产业园。(无人机照片)周圆曦 摄　　跟甘蔗打交道已有八年的杨学，从给种植户做技术指导，到创办农业科技公司。这些年，他见证甘蔗种植从靠老经验慢慢变成“科技种田”，心里装着一本清晰的对比账。在他看来，用上甘蔗脱毒种苗及其配套栽培技术，宿根年限能从3年延长到5年左右，出苗率可达95%。“崇左以前种甘蔗一亩大概收4吨，如今搭配新品种、新农艺、新种植模式，亩产提升到了4.8吨。”杨学说道。　　针对园区5000亩连片蔗田的管护难题，杨学团队打破传统人工管护模式，把整片蔗田划分成若干可控单元，并使用甘蔗水肥药一体化智能灌溉系统。该系统支持机房操作、手机APP远程调控，可精准设置灌溉时间、流量和水量，一个人就能管护千亩以上蔗田，在减少人工投入的同时也降低人为操作误差。　　设备间里，杨学演示并介绍：“系统已升级成AB双管模式，滴水、滴肥、滴药能够同步精准调控。单亩每年电费从80元降到50元；4人一天可以完成600亩施肥作业，以前30人一天都做不到100亩。”　　在采收环节，机械化作业的降本优势同样凸显。杨学算了一笔账：传统人工砍收、装车，以园区亩产7吨甘蔗、按每吨160元计算，成本超1100元；换成机械化收割，每亩约200元国家机收补贴，连片蔗田农户承担每亩50元至80元机收费，规模越大效益越可观。园区推行蔗叶粉碎还田技术，每亩还可节省三四十元的复合肥支出。图为广西崇左市扶绥县渠黎镇甜蜜之光现代甘蔗产业园种植的甘蔗。陈沿佑 摄　　从一株健康种苗到一片高产蔗田，科技创新正在不断重塑甘蔗产业发展模式。近年来，中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所持续面向甘蔗产业发展需求，联动广西农业科学院等科研单位，围绕甘蔗品种改良、种苗繁育、病虫草害综合防控、绿色高效栽培、机械化收获等方向开展关键技术攻关，推动科技成果从实验室走向田间。　　“广西是全国甘蔗核心产区，种植面积1200多万亩，产糖量占全国六成以上。”中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所甘蔗中心研究员吴期滨介绍，中国甘蔗栽培技术历经传统经验积累、现代技术奠基、绿色高效智能化转型三个阶段。眼下业内重点聚焦两大攻关方向：选育适配机械化采收的优质甘蔗品种，研发适配优良品种的专用农机，推动农机与农艺深度融合。

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